A Role Model Leadership, Nelson Mandela - 7546 Words

NELSON MANDELA I choose Nelson Mandela as my role model leader. I analyzed Mandela’s leadership style and found his eight leadership best practices which I think every leader must learn and put into practice to become a real leader. Many of them come directly from his personal experiences and all of them are calibrated to cause the best kind of trouble; the trouble that forces us to ask how we can make the world a better place. Nelson Mandela’ s 8 leadership best practices and explanation why I choose him as a role model leader will follow the biography as below. Biography of Nelson Mandela Early Years Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born in Mvezo, a village near Mthatha in the Transkei, on July 18, 1918, to Nonqaphi Nosekeni and Henry†¦show more content†¦Emerging as Leader Spurred on by the victory of the National Party which won the 1948 all-white elections on the platform of apartheid, at the 1949 Annual Conference the Program of Action, inspired by the Youth League, which advocated the weapons of boycott, strike, civil disobedience and non-co-operation, was accepted as official ANC policy. The Program of Action had been drawn up by a sub-committee of the ANCYL composed of David Bopape, Mda, Mr. Mandela, James Njongwe, Sisulu and Tambo. To ensure its implementation, the membership replaced older leaders with a number of younger men. Sisulu, a founding member of the Youth League, was elected secretary-general. The conservative Dr. AB Xuma lost the presidency to Dr. JS Moroka, a man with a reputation for greater militancy. In December Mr. Mandela himself was elected to the NEC at the National Conference. When the ANC launched its Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws in 1952, Mr. Mandela, by then President of the Youth League, was elected National Volunteer-in-Chief. The Defiance Campaign was conceived as a mass civil disobedience campaign that would snowball from a core of selected volunteers to involve more and more ordinary people, culminating in mass defiance. Fulfilling his responsibility as Volunteer-in-Chief, Mr. Mandela travelled theShow MoreRelatedNelson Mandela a Transformation Leader Essay850 Words   |  4 PagesNelson Mandela A Transformation Leader This week we are asked to discuss a prominent leader that we admire, Nelson Mandela was an easy choice for me. An effective leader according to the text is â€Å"someone who works with, motivates, and helps followers to attain their common organizational goals† (Weiss, 2011, p.234). 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Nelson Mandela, one such hero of his time in the 20th century, wanted to help his country of South Africa advance and not shut down, and fall into despair. During the 1960s, Mandela, overcame the wrathfulness of the white governmentRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa1108 Words   |  5 PagesANC found a role model in him and decided that they needed a leader like that. This is when Nelson Mandela who had got kicked out of university for starting anti-apartheid rivals and joined the ANC. He then began boycotts and strikes against the national party government pleading for equality and unity. The government arrested 150 protesters with a 5 year sentence. Nelson Mandela was sentenced with 27 years and was released in 1990 he became president in 1 994. Within the 27years Nelson was lockedRead MoreNelson Mandelas Leadership4907 Words   |  20 Pages2012 NELOSN MANDELA’S LEADERSHIP . . Microsoft 06.06.2012 6/6/2012 NELOSN MANDELA’S LEADERSHIP June 6, 2012 TITLE PAGE CAUCASUS UNIVERSITY CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF BUSINESS COURSE TITLE: Developing effective leadership skills COURSE CODE: MGS-3211 INSTRUCTOR: Dara Ahmed GROUP PRESENTATION: N1 PRESENTATION TITLE: NELSON MANDELA’S LEADERSHIP GROUP MEMBERS: Tamar Geladze DATE: 6th of June, 2012 12 Page 2 NELOSN MANDELA’S LEADERSHIP June 6, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENT

Brief Description Of The Strategy Company - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Brief Description Of The Strategy Company. Answer: Introduction The report is about Pack Porter Company whose aim is to enhance the life of NSmen in Singapore, who face challenges in being well organized and prepared for In-Camp-Training. They offer 3 key services of wash, maintain and storing of kit bags and uniforms. This report will provide a brief description of the strategies that Pack Porter should adopt in order to reach their customers such as the mode to access to customers, location strategies, promotion strategies and online channels and strategies. Channels Mode of access to customers There are various modes available that a business can use in order to reach its customers such as train, bus, air, truck, water, etc. The Pack Porter Company has planned to offer their initial services to the NSmen of Sungei Gedong Camp which is located at Lim Chu Kang Road in Singapore. It is a remote area where there is only single bus service that travels to the location. In order to reach their customers the company can start a moving van service which will help them in collecting and transferring the kit bags and uniforms of NSmen at their camp. Along with this company offers ferry services which deliver the equipment and uniforms of NSmen at their reporting camp. Location Strategies It is the initial stage of the Pack and Porter business, therefore they can open their store in the army area where they can directly provide their wash, maintain and storing services. It will help them in giving strong competition to the other shopkeepers who offer the same type of services to the NSmen in Singapore but at a higher price. Further, it will make easy for the NSmen to grab the services of the company. Besides this, the company can offer online services to the NSmen by making an application which can be operated on cell phones so that customers can avail the services online and will waste their time at minimum cost. Promotion Strategies Advertising: - There are various channels available for advertising the products and services. The Pack Porter can advertise their services on Radio, Television, distribute pamphlets, and hoardings at nearest places, etc. The NSmen are very fond of listening radios which will help the company to deliver their message i.e. "Get You Ready". Along with this, they can advertise their services on television; they can distribute pamphlets and place hoardings at the nearest places where NSmen regularly visit. Public Relation: - The marketing team of the Pack Porter can visit at the camp of NSmen and can try to make good relations with the heads of the camp and tie up with them by offering the lowest price of the service and providing a brief explanation about their services. This will result in making them the only company whose services will be availed by the NSmen of that particular camp. Sales Promotion: - The Company can promote it services by distributing their pamphlets, freebies, coupons at the point of purchase. These activities can be performed by the sales officers appointed by the company for the store placed in the army area. Online Channels and Strategies The Pack Porter can offer their services to their target customers which the help of online channels such as web page, application, search engines, social media advertising, Content marketing, etc. The company can produce their own webpage on the internet platform where all their services will be visible to its customers or to the family members of the target customers. Besides this, the company can start its application where they can take the orders of their customers and provide services to them. It will also save the time of the customers and their traveling expenses. Through this application, they can give strong competition to their competitors like HALPS. The application will also help business to take the feedback of its customers about their services or suggestions. Further, Pack Porter can advertise its services on the social media such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc. In today's scenario, every person is making use of social media in order to interact with friends and for entertainment. Therefore, it will help the company to become a familiar brand and grab the eyes of its target customers and their family members. Conclusion In the conclusion, it can be said that Pack Porter is a good initiative which will help NSmen to save their precious time and can remove the burden of washing and maintain their kit bags and uniforms. All the above-mentioned strategies such as mode of access to customers, location strategies, promotion strategies, and online channels will help Pack Porter to reach their customers and offer best services.

The setting of a story makes up most of the plot. Essay Example For Students

The setting of a story makes up most of the plot. Essay The environment influences the characters and how they act. The setting of The Lord of the Flies takes place on an island in the middle of nowhere. This story is about a group of kids that get trapped on an island after a plane crash. There are no adults with them because they all died from the crash. William Golding made this the setting to make the plot of the story more interesting. A reason that Golding uses an island as the setting because he wants a group of kids all by themselves with no adult supervision. He wanted to show what kids would do without adults around. The lifestyles of the kids will be changed because of the environment that they have to live in. An example of this is when Ralph decided to run around naked. He doesnt want adults controlling their actions because it would ruin the point he is trying to make. We will write a custom essay on The setting of a story makes up most of the plot. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Golding also made the setting on an island because he wants the children to create their own culture and society. It will show their own type of government on the island and will give responsibilities to each of the characters. The type of government will shape their behaviors and the respect from the others. Their rules of civilization change the way people feel about each other. For example, Jack does not like Ralph because Ralph is the leader of the group and makes the decisions, but Jack doesnt like the way Ralph leads them. Another reason Golding put the setting on an island is that the environment is different from the conditions that theyre used to. The environment and vegetation of the island is a big influence on their daily life. Their life basically revolves around the things that live and grow on the island. They need to be responsible and caring enough not to abuse their resources. They also need to make smart decisions, so that it doesnt get destroyed. For example, the littluns would just use the bathroom anywhere they want and make the island dirty and smelly. Another example is when the characters would just make bon fires wherever they want, without even caring what forest fire they can create. The setting on the island greatly affects the point that Golding is trying to make. It also makes the story more interesting and puts excitement into the plot. The characters way of life is changed because the environment and the absence of adult supervision.

Compare the main issues with accounting for overheads within a manufacturing sector Essay Example

Compare the main issues with accounting for overheads within a manufacturing sector Essay Example Compare the main issues with accounting for overheads within a manufacturing sector Essay Compare the main issues with accounting for overheads within a manufacturing sector Essay Operating expenses, besides known as indirect costs, are costs that are incurred by an administration that can non be clearly attributed to a cost object i.e. something for which a cost is required. It is of import for administrations to cover all costs that it creates ; accounting for operating expense has become more of import in modern times as it takes up a larger per centum of the costs an administration implicates. The chief issue associated for accounting for operating expenses is that indirect costs are hard to categorize and they can non be easy traced to a specific cost. Operating expenses were traditionally, and still are accounted for utilizing Marginal and Absorption Costing. However, the traditional system has its defects and more late ; Activity Based Costing was introduced for more accurate merchandise and client costing. A cost can be classified via its behavior and property. Costss that are classified by their behavior are called variable and fixed costs. Variable costs are relative to the sum of resources used whereas fixed costs are acquired and paid for in progress. Hence, fixed costs are related to predicted degree of capacity while variable costs are related to existent degree of activity. It is of import that the direction accountant identifies whether the cost is fixed or variable as it can under-estimate or over-estimate the costs. Once the cost is classified, you will be able to gauge cost per unit. Variable and Fixed cost can be direct or indirect depending on the Cost Object. Direct cost is the cost of a resource that is merely used by one cost object. Variable costs are direct when you calculate the cost of stuff used doing one type of merchandise, nevertheless if the variable cost varies to the proportion to a activity that supports several merchandises, so the variable cost will be ind irect to the single merchandises. Similarly, fixed costs can be direct or indirect. The issue is that cost categorization of a cost can alter if the costs object alterations. This makes it more hard to apportion operating expenses. An illustration would be if Nokia, a nomadic industry, make up ones mind to use a mill supervisor. If the cost object is a merchandise, so the wage for the supervisor would be indirect to the cost of the merchandise. However, if the cost object is the mill, so the wage would be a direct cost. Operating expenses are traditionally accounted for by cost driver rates. Cost driver rates allocate the indirect costs accumulated by the administration to a specific product/job/process etc. It is a necessity to cover operating expenses as they can do up a big proportion of entire costs of the company. Each cost is linked with a specific cost driver and is referred to as a cost pool. Historically, cost driver rates were based upon Direct Labour Hours and Direct Machine Hours. However, administrations now recognise several factors could be driving support costs alternatively of one or two factors. ( Atkinson et al. 2007 Page89 ) Cost Driver Ratess are calculated as follows: Normal Cost of Support Activity / Practical Capacity of Cost Driver . ( Atkinson et al. 2007, Page89 ) Normal Cost of Supporting Activity is the cost of the resources committed to a peculiar activity and practical capacity is long term mean usage capacity made available by the sum of resources committed to a su pport activity . The job with Cost Driver Rate is that they remain changeless overtime and therefore make non take into consideration the fluctuations in demand over a short period of clip. This is a job because when demand is low, in the short tally cost driver rates are traveling to be calculated at a higher rate pricing yourself out of the market. Similarly, in periods of high demand, your monetary value would pull more concern than usual which would prove your capacity. ( Globusz, 2011 ) Marginal Costing is an accounting system in which variable costs are charged to be units and fixed costs of the period are written in full against aggregative part . Marginal cost is the excess cost incurred in the last unit of production. It is an attack that excludes operating expenses as they are seen irrelevant in the short tally because they are to stay fixed regardless of the degree of end product. Premise for fringy costing is that within the relevant scope, fixed costs will stay the same for any sum of sales/production. Therefore, in bing footings, when an excess unit of merchandise is made, the excess costs incurred in its industry is variable production i.e. fixed costs will non alter. When fringy cost is ascertained, part is the result which assists in the breakeven end product as it goes towards retrieving fixed costs. When fixed costs are equal to the part you reach breakeven end product. ( Tutor2u ) Absorption costing is a method that, in add-on to direct costs, assigns all or a proportion, of production operating expense costs to be units by agencies of one or an figure of overhead soaking up rates . Absorption bing takes into history fixed, variable, direct A ; indirect costs as normal fabrication costs are considered merchandise costs and all costs are included in the stock list. Direct costs are straight linked to the end product. Indirect costs are attributed to the service section of a concern. Costss are so reallocated from service support sections to production sections where each facet of operating expenses is absorbed individually, before an soaking up recovery rate is calculated. The soaking up recovery rates are based on pre-budgeted figures. ( Atkinson, 2007 ) Absorption recovery rate is calculated by: budgeted fixed production overhead/budgeted degree of activity. ( Weetman 2010 ) Absorption bing besides is normally required for stock list rating und er fiscal accounting. Activity Based Costing established a nexus between activities that create operating expenses to put more appropriate cost driver rates. ( Tollington and Wachter 2001 ) Activity based bing assigns overhead cost to activities based on their ingestion . Just like traditional systems, activity based costing uses a two phase allotment system. It is different to them in that it allocates cost to be Centres instead than sections in the first phase. In the 2nd phase, activity based costs assigns cost of activities on their use. It does by configuring what drives the cost before set uping volume of drivers to cipher the driver rate which is applied based on the use of these resources. ABC does non supply information that can be used for determination devising. ( Drury and Tayles 1995 ) However, ABC does supply information that would let the companies to apportion more elaborate particular surveies to determine their long term viability . Activity based bing includes a greater figure of ac tivities A ; cost driver rates than traditional attacks. ( Otley 2007 ) ABC can be distinguished into procedure position and cost position, cost position is based on being more accurate with the costs whereas process position evaluates your public presentation steps for uninterrupted measuring. Best bargain Europe operates Carphone warehouse. Carphone warehouse sells merchandises and services through retail mercantile establishments and the cyberspace. ( Carphone Warehouse,2010 ) A important proportion of gross is derived from the nomadic web operates in the house of committees for presenting new clients and reclamations. With the consumer market valued at ?9b In 2009, Carphone Warehouse have diversified into fixed line and broadband line whilst selling subsidized laptop with fixed line and broadband connexions. They are besides looking to farther diversify into the market by including gambling and sound. Sing the points, I believe that the likely operating environment a Service company such as Carphone Warehouse would run in is fringy costing. Fringy costing is non a method of bing like procedure or occupation costing ; instead it is a technique of cost information for the counsel of direction. Fringy costing would let Carphone Warehouse to determine the construct of part to its merchandises and use interrupt even analysis to work out how much of each merchandise they have to sell. The cardinal characteristic of fringy costing is that it classifies costs, creates stock stock list rating and configures fringy part. Cost categorization would let Carphone Warehouse to distinguish between its variable and fixed costs and utilize its variable costs to plan its gross revenues technique. Net income measuring for stock/inventory is besides valued at fringy cost ( cost of bring forthing one excess unit ) which is in crisp contrast to the entire unit cost under soaking up bing method. Fringy Contribution would let Carphone Warehouse you to judge the profitableness of different products/departments. Whereas a service company such as Nokia would utilize soaking up bing. Absorption costing is based on the premise that all fixed costs have to be recovered and included in merchandise costs. This would let company s such as Nokia to integrate all fixed and indirect costs to the merchandises they make. They do this via delegating all operating expenses by agencies of a budgeted overhead soaking up rate leting them to apportion costs consequently. Absorption bing calculates the unit cost of an point by taking into history all the company costs including fixed/variable and direct/indirect costs. If an operating expense can non be straight allocated to a unit so it has to be absorbed individually via cost Centres on an just base. The advantage of Carphone Warehouse utilizing Marginal Costing is that it is a simple method where all operating expenses ( indirect/fixed costs ) are taken of at the terminal of the balance sheet. Fringy Costing helps in short-run net income planning via breakeven A ; profitableness analysis is available because of part. Contribution can be used by Carphone Warehouse to do comparative profitableness and public presentation between two or more merchandises that they sell, so they can work out how much is needed to sell in order for them to interrupt even and which merchandises they may be doing a loss on. Besides, by avoiding allotment of fixed costs, it can concentrate on doing fringy bing more consistent and more accurate. However the drawbacks for Carphone Warehouse utilizing fringy costing, as all costs are technically variable in the long tally, it is hard to divide costs in to variable and fixed costs. Therefore, fringy costing is ever seen as a short term solution because in the long tally, gross revenues monetary value, fixed and variable costs per unit can change doing fringy costing unrealistic. It avoids taking into history semi-variable costs. Besides, it is comparatively easy to pull strings figures ( Kaplan 1984 pg.20 ) that do non heighten the long term competitory place of the house . The advantages of Nokia utilizing soaking up costing is that it incorporates entire costs guaranting fixed costs are recovered in to the merchandise, i.e. fixed and variable, direct and indirect costs per unit into a merchandise. It is good for the directors as it allows them the option to put a merchandising monetary value utilizing a cost grade up rate. It treats each cost separately and applies an soaking up rate to each operating expense. It besides would let Nokia to analyze the profitableness of different merchandises it sells so it would assist in the determination devising of which merchandises to bead and which merchandises to transport on bring forthing. The disadvantages of soaking up costing is that the soaking up rates are forecasted, therefore there is a danger of over or under soaking up which illustrates that the operating expenses that have been absorbed can be greater or less than the existent operating expense. Furthermore, the capacity degrees chosen by Nokia for an overhead soaking up rates is based on an historical event and therefore capable to alter. Absorption costing is rather a composite, expensive and times devouring method. My recommendation for both administrations is to follow activity based costing ( ABC ) . ABC uses a costing system similar to traditional cost systems but it traces it costs to activities alternatively of cost Centres. ABC involves puting up activity cost drivers and delegating costs based on their use. ABC is different from soaking up bing as it utilises unit cost instead than entire costs. ABC besides allows for accurate costing for all activities through out an administration alternatively of establishing it on historical figures. ABC asses the cost of single merchandises based on their use of resources. ABC can besides be used in service companies such as Carphone warehouse, as it will let them to concentrate on client costs and profitableness. Virtually all costs in a service company are indirect and look to be fixed. Customer behavior determines the basic operating costs of merchandises in service companies whereas in fabricating companies they are client independent. In servic e companies, there is a greater fluctuation in demand and the service company can merely find and command the efficiencies of its internal activities. Carphone warehouse has to take into history entire relationship profitableness with its clients as they may hold more than one service with the company. Activity based bing would let fabricating companies such as Nokia to more accurately allocate costs more than of all time before. In recent times fabricating operating expenses associating to increase use of machines has increased, this has led to operating expenses going a higher proportion of fabrication costs. Activity Based Management is better than the traditional methods of apportioning costs on the footing of machine hours. It allows directors to apportion costs to merchandises that demand the activity. Directors are able to utilize the information gained on activity costs to better the profitableness of their concern. They can look at what truly needs improving by placing high cost and inefficient procedures. In decision, the chief issues and jobs with accounting for operating expenses can be partly solved by ABC for both fabrication and service companies. However, surprisingly, ABC is still non implemented as much and harmonizing to a study, ( Abdel-Kader and Luther 2006 ) 76 % neer or seldom use ABC or soaking up costing. There is a batch of opposition around ABC from persons from administrations. This is partly due to directors and persons being against alteration and the deductions of ABC theoretical account uncovering instances of bad direction of products/customers which would coerce directors to deny the cogency of the new attack.

Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Leadership - Assignment Example Objectives of the change management programme were to, restructure the organisation, introduce a collaborative culture, and transform the organisation into an agile business. This section critically reviews the change management program, initiated by the management, through the human resources department (UKWON, 2008). Literature Review: Change management is often a traumatic experience, especially for old firms, since it can involve restructuring the organisation, bringing in process and technology changes, terminating or redeploying the older staffs that do not have the required skills for the new technologies. In many cases, the change begins at the organisation culture level as the firm tries to transform itself (Morgan, 1997). For these reasons, the initial resistance to change in many organisations is high, and the HR department needs to use finesse and tact in the change management process (Burnes, 2004). Different types of change management are developmental, transitional, transformational, planned, emergent, radical, incremental, episodic, and continuous. Developmental change seeks to correct existing processes, such as improving the skills or processes (Wilkins and Patterson, 1985). Transitional change is about seeking a different state, from the current state (Fernandez and Rainey, 2006 ). Transformational change tries to create an organisation that is significantly different from the existing state, and it can affect the culture, internal processes, strategy, and the organisational structure (Shaw, 1997). Each of these changes has their own methods and dynamics, and is implemented with different time spans, during which the organisation must change (UKWON, 2008). Leadership and change management process at BT: The forces of globalisation and the free market policy, which the UK government brought in, triggered the problem of change management at BT (Sperber, 1996). As a result, many new telecommunication

Financial analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial analysis - Assignment Example The steel company will have the lowest because steel production is very asset intensive, meaning the company will have to invest billions in equipment, plants, and property required for steel manufacturing. Additionally, equipment used will have a long lifetime. As a result of this high investment and its long lifetime, the sales for a steel company will be relatively low, leading to low asset turnover (Rodgers 23). While supermarkets have low sales margins, pharmaceutical companies, jewelry retailers, and software companies have high sales margins. Supermarkets have low sales margins because of the high intensity of competition in the sector. In addition, there is minimal product differentiation because they mainly carry similar brands. Consumers also have a high sensitivity to price changes and switch costs tend to be low. As a result, competition in the sector is mainly based on pricing, which results in extremely low margins (Rodgers 48). On the other hand, software companies have the highest sales margins because consumer-switching costs are high, while production costs tend to be relatively low. Finally, most costs for initial development of software are previously expensed. Thus, the sales margins are higher than for the rest. I disagree with James Broker’s assessment. While earning numbers and operating cash flow are essential in the evaluation of a company’s prospects, they will differ because of long and short-term accruals. Some current accruals like credit sales lead to higher earnings than operating cash flows. On the other hand, other current accruals like unpaid expenses result in lower earnings than operating cash-flows. Non-current accruals like deferred taxes and depreciation also result in differences between operating cash-flows and earnings. Understanding the difference between earnings and operating cash-flows, in this case, is more important than the fact that earnings are higher than

United States Declaration of Independence Essay Example for Free

United States Declaration of Independence Essay The enlightenment era arose in the modern cultural ideology of the 18th century, as ideas among philosophers had a widespread effect among the society. The age of enlightenment, in western society, projected the rejection of traditional Christianity, western philosophy, intellectual advances, scientific, and cultural life, government legitimacy and authority. Upon the enlightenment period multiple philosophers emerged, the individuals arose to leading figures using reason to understand all aspects of human life. The motivations for the enlightenment came primarily from the Englishmen, John Locke. John Locke was a philosophical influence in both political theory and theoretical philosophy, which was embraced among the era of 1789-1914 and the concept of equal rights among men. John Locke’s writings influenced the works of multiple diplomats concerning liberty and the social contract between society and the government. Locke’s ideology of man and power was the base for the concept of separation of powers. As one of the enlightenment thinkers, John Locke wrote the Two Treatises of Government influencing the framework of his ideal vision of the nature of man and his freedom, stating that all men exist in â€Å"a state of perfect freedom† as â€Å"every man being, has been showed, naturally free. † (Primary Sources, 156) His theories involved the money value within trading systems, education ideals, the blank mind shaped by surroundings, and the framework for the American Revolution. Locke’s ideas were taken and embraced as his ideas â€Å"seemed to offer the hope of a brave new world† built on reason. † (Spielvogel 516) The enlightenment was an era of intellectual and social growth as people began to challenge and view the world changed. During the era, society began to believe all men are free people, a concept enforced by John Locke’s ideologies. John Locke believed every person was born with tabula rasa, blank mind, arguing in Essay on Human Understanding that men and women, were products of their environment, and implied that humans were molded by their surroundings. With the theory of the blank mind, John Locke presented with reason and logic that men and women could improve themselves by improving the surroundings. As John Locke rejected â€Å"authority and theory†¦ [by] showing knowledge derives from sensory perception and experience†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he impacted western philosophy and the understanding of knowledge. (Primary sources 212) Locke’s idea implied the restructure of society as by changing the environment, men would be properly influenced, and a new society created. The idea of a perfect new society was seen among the creation of the utopian community by Robert Owen. The idea of men being able to be shaped by the community is seen among Owen’s work to set up the model community. Through his works in A New View in Society Owen shows how the communitarian project achieved â€Å"moral improvement with commercial success† with the help of an orderly system to manufacture, and â€Å"inculcating the moral virtues of cleanliness, order thrift, and sobriety. † (Primary Sources 320) Owen was successful in creating the modeled community, with the idea of tabula rasa, and creating a cooperative self-contained community. The enlightenment employed the right of equality among all men. John Locke advocated natural rights of man, mainly life, liberty, and property. His avocation for men equality included the validity of governments powers should rely on consent from the citizens. The pursuit of representation from government led to the democracy in the America’s as they created the separation of powers. Locke supported the overthrow of absolute power, as he rejects the concept of royal superiority in his Second Treatise of Government. His belief in mutual consent from the people to the government is the basis of the social contract, showing how man’s â€Å"perfect freedom†¦and liberty [should give man] is able to instruct him in that law he is to govern himself. † (Primary Sources, 151) Locke’s political ideology included overthrowing government if citizens felt their rights were taken away, citizens had the duty to revolt against the tyrant. This ideology is embraced during the French Revolution as â€Å"before the revolution, French society was grounded in the inequality of rights,† among the citizens. (Spielvogel578) The French were divided into classes, having no voice among the three estates, leading to the national assembly. The national assembly, influenced by John Locke’s ideology of rejecting royal reign superiority, created the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Locke’s argument of revolution against tyranny was accepted to bring reasonable rule to the nation and citizens. The same liberalist view of overthrowing of ruler is seen during the napoleon rule. Benjamin Constant published The Principles of Politics advocating for the regulations of the generals will of the individuals liberty, â€Å"distinguishing between sovereignty, authority, and individual freedom,† right before Napoleon’s final defeat. (Primary Sources 342) Many of John Locke’s ideas were input into the Declaration of Independence, as his primary words â€Å"life, liberty† and instead of property, the pursuit of happiness, are the basis of the American Constitution and Declaration of Independence. Locke’s arguments concerning liberty influenced the works of James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, as his Second Treatise is imitated in the Declaration of Independence. When the founding fathers adopted the resolution for the nation’s independence, with the restating of john Locke’s theory of revolution, they opened the door to the war of American Independence. As well as Locke’s separation of powers was framework for the American democracy created after the independence from Britain and the belief of revolting is an obligation in the certain circumstances. With the fear of a concentrated power the founding fathers of America secured the rights life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness, to which the government institutes the rights and derive their powers with the consent of the men. When creating the independence the people laid the foundation of separation of powers in which each branch is checked and has no overruling power among the rest of the government. With the influence of John Locke’s political ideologies, the American colonies, after the American Revolution, â€Å"proved to many Europeans that the liberal political ideas of the Enlightenment were not a vapid utterances of intellectuals. The rights of man, ideas of liberty, and equality, popular sovereignty, separation of powers, and freedom of religion†¦were not only utopian ideals. † (Spielvogel 578) The Americans had taken John Locke’s theories and made the concept of liberty reality. Consequently the American Revolution had an impact on the French revolution with the returning soldiers the influence of the American Declaration of Independence was seen among the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The French revolution was more violent than the American, but it set the political movement for the modern political world. John Locke political theories were focused on the protection of the human rights, responsibility of the government, clarifying the concept between state and man. Locke insisted on the limits towards political authorities, and believed government should be selected, not born into, by the will of the majority. This set the fundamental declaration of the French revolution. John Locke an advocate for religious tolerance, wrote the Letters Concerning Toleration, conveying reasoning for religious tolerance after the European wars of religion. Within the Letters Concerning Toleration, Locke debates for the people to understand the relationship within religion and government, and how people should know the separation of the two. Separation of Church and State was created by Thomas Jefferson, who was greatly influenced by Locke’s writings, as Locke feared that without distinction between the two, the personal beliefs will mislead the commonwealth. His advocacy for religious also influenced the freedom of religion among the Americans in the Bill of Rights, as man has the right to practice or to not practice any religion. Known for his political theories, notions on natural rights and separation of powers, John Locke also held beliefs regarding the education. Originally a letter to a friend regarding his son’s education, Some Thoughts Concerning Education, Locke suggested the best way to educate the child. His theory for education was based on the argument of human mind at birth is a tabula rasa therefore a child was able to be molded with virtues. â€Å"He attentively considers the state of a child†¦ [are] stored with plenty of ideas, that are to be the matter of his future knowledge. † (Primary Sources 214) Locke’s ideas on education involved learning from experience, and influenced the concern of public education during the 1789-1914 era. His theories and ideas on education would motivate the public school system in Britain. John Locke’s emphasis on education was seen in Robert Owen’s utopian â€Å"model community. † In Owen’s New View of Society he set his influence by Locke’s education, by stating that education was not only good for business in his utopian society, but for the nation as a whole. The influence of how the importance of education was enforced by Locke’s ideologies of the ability to shape the minds of the children to better the nation. John Locke publicized a theory of money and property in his Two Treatises on Government. Locke’s theory believes the natural right of estate. His belief in money describes that money fulfills the need for a constant measure of value and worth in a trading system. Locke argued for an economic system which could exist in the states and protection of property by the society. His ideal on a trading system influenced the merchandized 18th century industry. The eighteenth century was formed based on the growth of commercial led by John Locke’s economic system theory on trade. The â€Å"growth of commercial capitalism led to integrated markets, joint-stock trading companies, banking and stock exchange facilities,† which shaped the nations view on money. (Spielvogel 564) As the eighteenth century flourished, Locke stated gold, silver, gems never rot, and therefore with the consent of mankind they become of monetary value and are open for trading value. With his theories of trading and money, John Locke can be seen as the creator of the bourgeois capitalism. The trading system was influenced by John Locke and embraced in the European trading which gave growth of cities, prosperity within the cities, the industrialization, and the manufacturing business. The Enlightenment was period of time with great thinkers bringing radical changes to society and the world. John Locke, known for Father of Liberalism and the enlightenment thinker, had a great impact among philosophers. John Locke was advocating the freedom of the individual, systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or economic institutions, and governmental guarantees of individual rights and civil liberties. Locke’s enlightenment ideas were employed during the long 19th century. â€Å"Locke’s treatises inspired the political theories of the Enlightenment. † (Primary sources 148) His philosophical ideals influenced many other philosophers, utopian societies, the upheavals against government, the protection of rights, the education system in Britain, and the basis for modern government.